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calavius and everybody around here is

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looked at the bird and it looks real

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good right retch and you're being

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awaited by the USS Ticonderoga and we're

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waiting to see you back here in Houston

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- oh right you can relate to the Tyco

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we've got their Fox Corpening our hook

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is down Roger - this was Skylab on the

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final day of the first manned mission

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the crew had this last view as they made

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preparations for return to Earth

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everything here it had been a successful

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mission the large majority of scientific

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objectives were accomplished but the

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bright orange sunshade the single solar

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wing presented a striking reminder of a

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mission that was something more than

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routine a mission that gave new meaning

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to the term manned spaceflight - 13 12

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11 10 9 8 we have ignition sequence has

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these Skylab lifting on the

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it was the afternoon of May 14 1973 when

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the unmanned Skylab Saturn workshop was

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rolled along at Cape Kennedy on the way

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to its assigned orbit 236 nautical miles

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in space the cloud cover was heavy on

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launch day and prevented tracking

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cameras from seeing an event that

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occurred about one minute into the

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mission at the point of maximum

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vibration telemetry sensed premature

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deployment of the meteoroid shield

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followed by a weak electrical signal

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from the workshop solar arrays clearly

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there had been a problem but the exact

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nature wasn't known until after orbital

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insertion during the first revolution

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Skylab temperatures began to rise

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rapidly and pieces of the puzzle started

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to fall in place in NASA engineers

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surmised that the anomalies were most

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likely related it was felt that the

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meteoroids shield had been completely

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lost at deployment which accounted for

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the high heat levels also that fragments

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of the meteorite shield had jammed or

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otherwise hindered full deployment of

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the solar array panels failure of these

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panels which were designed to furnish

50
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about half of skylabs electrical power

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meant that the total power burden would

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have to be borne by solar panels of the

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Apollo telescope mount by early evening

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workshop temperatures had risen above

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the level of safety launching of the

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crew the following day received an

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indefinite hold pending satisfactory

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solutions flight support and engineering

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teams were immediately set in motion to

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find the answers at stake was the future

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of the entire Skylab program the most

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urgent need was to achieve a thermal

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electrical balance

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this meant maneuvering to an optimum

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flight attitude for solar requirements

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that were in direct conflict too much

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solar radiation would drive temperatures

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higher increasing the chances of

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component damage and food spoilage on

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the other hand generation of electrical

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power to drive heat exchangers and food

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freezers was wholly dependent on

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exposure to the Sun while flight

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controllers struggled to achieve this

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delicate balance other team had the

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major objective of designing a thermal

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shield that could be deployed on the

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workshop to make it habitable NASA

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centers and private industry responded

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with a variety of shield concepts the

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most promising designs were released for

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fabrication finally they were subjected

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to functional testing by the fifth day

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of the mission the choice had been

85
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it had good functional reliability and

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the crew would be able to deploy it from

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inside the workshop through a scientific

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airlock another shield the twin pole

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sunshade would also be carried on the

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mission as a backup here in the Skylab

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underwater simulator at the Marshall

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Space Flight Center crews practiced

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extra-vehicular installation of the

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sunshade and conditions approximating

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zero-g as for the solar wings simulation

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methods were mostly inconclusive little

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was known about the extent of wing

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damage at this point and the crew could

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only speculate on how best to make them

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deploy at Mission Control

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Solar orientation of the spacecraft had

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begun to yield positive results

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temperatures still too high for

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habitation were stabilized and

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electrical power was sufficient for

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operating vital systems and equipment

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though still precarious the situation

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had been checked there was reason to

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believe it would remain stable until the

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astronauts launched now scheduled for

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May 25th

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ten days behind the original schedule on

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the day before launch the parasol team

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raced the clock to deliver the flight

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article on time they were down to the

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last 30-minute extension as the parasol

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packed in the flight canister was loaded

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in spite of a rigid schedule hopes ran

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high that the parasol would do the job

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attention now turned to the astronaut

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in the early morning hours of May 25th

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Skylab - with both thermal shields

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stowed aboard was well along in the

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countdown the crew meanwhile made ready

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to embark on their historic mission this

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all Navy crew consisted of Captain

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Charles Pete Conrad Skylab commander a

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veteran of both the Gemini and Apollo

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programs

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commander Paul Weitz who would be Skylab

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pilot for the mission had been a member

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of the support crew of Apollo 12 and

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commander Joseph Kerwin scientists pilot

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who would be the first American

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physician in space the 10-day delay had

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been a giant cram course for all

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concerned especially for the crew and

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their job was only partially complete

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the execution of all the planning effort

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following a smooth launch Skylab to

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maneuver to the proper flight path

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attitude for its initial downrange orbit

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by mid-afternoon the crew had overtaken

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the workshop TV picture beginning to

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come in now to the control center Cali

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Houston where AOS at Guam for the next

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daylight 1.5 mile 29 feet per second

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Roger paid copy they effected rendezvous

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and performed a fly around to assess the

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Roger copy is gone completely off the

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bird Solar wait what is it that finally

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deployed into reason if you've got

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different readings that's the metric

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between your three solar panels as

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there's a bulge of meteorite shield

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underneath it in the middle and it looks

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to be holding again I project uh be okay

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it looks like to me right chill at the

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upper fence panel on the fan plank has

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wrapped around it just slightly early

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now my guess is that aren't easiest

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thing to do and just go to the end and

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try and deploy it Roger

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Pete Witt from which side of the says is

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the v-rod shield slightly wrapped around

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his on the side of the main tunnel

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before docking the PRU attempted to free

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the wing although the trial was

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unsuccessful the TV pictures seen here

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proved invaluable in devising the

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following a night sleep in the command

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module the crew spent the morning of

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Saturday the 26th activating and

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checking systems in the multiple docking

175
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later they were given a goal to enter

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the workshop by late afternoon the

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canister was positioned in the

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scientific airlock ready for parasol

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extension okay thank you

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we had a little dropout rate and so far

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the ride extension is some four hours

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after the operation began the thermal

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parasol was deployed it was then placed

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it took about two revolutions of Skylab

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before temperatures began to fall

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projections showed that if the present

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trend continued the workshop would be

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below 100 degrees the following day it

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wouldn't be the most comfortable

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environment but after a discussion with

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the crew the decision was made to

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proceed the next morning with the normal

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flight plan the crew put in a long

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trying day activating the workshop

195
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getting things organized and in the

196
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proper place was a chore in itself

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however they were discovering to their

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satisfaction that moving big pieces of

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gear presented no problem in the

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weightless environment by noon Monday

201
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the 28th with the workshop completely

202
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activated primary emphasis was on

203
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getting the biomedical experiment

204
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started this was the first in a series

205
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of lower body negative pressure and

206
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vector cardiogram experiments paul weitz

207
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the subject

208
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Gerwin the observer there followed a

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workout on the bicycle ergometer to

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check metabolic effectiveness and to

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evaluate the bicycle as an exerciser for

212
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long-duration mission other medical

213
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experiments conducted over the next few

214
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days included blood sampling from each

215
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crewmember to satisfy the five blood

216
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study experiments body mass measurement

217
00:13:09,030 --> 00:13:06,790
to determine each crewmen's daily weight

218
00:13:14,040 --> 00:13:09,040
and to validate the use of this device

219
00:13:16,440 --> 00:13:14,050
for weighing in zero-g a rotating litter

220
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chair a part of the human vestibular

221
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function experiment tested for motion

222
00:13:26,670 --> 00:13:22,300
sickness rotation perception and ability

223
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to determine orientation in addition to

224
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these and other medical experiments

225
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science experiments were simultaneously

226
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being performed here Pete Conrad

227
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operates the Apollo telescope mount

228
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control and display panel in preparation

229
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for the solar physics studies in

230
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subsequent operations data such as this

231
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active region of the Sun was recorded by

232
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the telescope the earth resources

233
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experiments also got underway after

234
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activation of the six remote sensing

235
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systems from a broad field of view

236
00:14:21,810 --> 00:14:18,820
provided by this large space platform

237
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the systems began photographing selected

238
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portions of the Earth's surface in

239
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visible and near-infrared spectral

240
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although the crew had earlier

241
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encountered a number of equipment

242
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problems the result of excessive

243
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temperatures the prospects now looked

244
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bright for a full 28-day mission the

245
00:14:48,919 --> 00:14:45,029
temperature had stabilized in the mid

246
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70s the food was good and so was morale

247
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and up to now the 4,700 watts of

248
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available power appeared to be adequate

249
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as long as high load experiments were

250
00:15:04,129 --> 00:15:02,279
staggered however by the fifth day some

251
00:15:07,160 --> 00:15:04,139
of the storage batteries had begun to

252
00:15:09,799 --> 00:15:07,170
perform in a degraded manner the power

253
00:15:11,419 --> 00:15:09,809
shortage grew critical and it became

254
00:15:13,999 --> 00:15:11,429
apparent that to carry out the mission

255
00:15:18,650 --> 00:15:14,009
the jammed solar panel would have to be

256
00:15:21,019 --> 00:15:18,660
deployed meanwhile at Marshall in the

257
00:15:23,269 --> 00:15:21,029
underwater simulator techniques were

258
00:15:26,809 --> 00:15:23,279
being developed based on TV coverage of

259
00:15:29,359 --> 00:15:26,819
the solar wing using only tools and

260
00:15:31,160 --> 00:15:29,369
equipment like those aboard Skylab the

261
00:15:36,639 --> 00:15:31,170
backup crew developed a set of

262
00:15:40,369 --> 00:15:36,649
procedures they felt would do the job on

263
00:15:42,619 --> 00:15:40,379
June 7th astronauts Conrad and Kerwin

264
00:15:50,360 --> 00:15:42,629
made their exit to put the plan into

265
00:15:53,150 --> 00:15:50,370
operation okay we're out there brilliant

266
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right there looks like enough grub to

267
00:16:02,059 --> 00:15:59,339
get the cutter help Joe stabilize as the

268
00:16:04,519 --> 00:16:02,069
simulations had shown access to the

269
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solar wing was the big problem what with

270
00:16:10,369 --> 00:16:07,889
few handholds or foot respring it was

271
00:16:13,309 --> 00:16:10,379
solved by joining pole sections of the

272
00:16:15,049 --> 00:16:13,319
twin pole sunshade anchoring it by

273
00:16:16,929 --> 00:16:15,059
hooking the pair of cutters onto the

274
00:16:20,090 --> 00:16:16,939
strap that held the wing

275
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thus a temporary handrail was fashioned

276
00:16:25,600 --> 00:16:22,499
that allowed Pete Conrad access to the

277
00:16:28,460 --> 00:16:25,610
solar wing where he attached a tether

278
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the cutters then severed the strap and

279
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the tether was pulled taut to free the

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wing actuator after the crew returned to

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Skylab an attitude change placed the

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solar array system into the Sun

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we're after a period of warming the

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hydraulic dampers the panel arrays fully

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deployed within hours the electrical

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power surged to almost double the

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previous level it meant that the power

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management scheme could be abandoned and

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the original flight plan could be

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resumed in the days that followed the

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nagging problems that had plagued the

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astronauts from the start

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began to resolve the mission began to

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sound much more routine more like a

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normal working day experiments were

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coming off like clockwork and a wealth

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of scientific data was being gathered

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experiments such as this one in

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with more leisure it was not uncommon

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for the men of Skylab to indulge

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themselves in the fluidity of movement

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the weightless condition also simplified

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sleep accommodations since there was

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really no up or down the only

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requirement was a sleeping bag type of

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restraint and as mentioned earlier heavy

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objects were easily handled it was the

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small pieces that sometimes got away but

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even when objects were lost they

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generally turned up sooner or later

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on the air-conditioning screen there to

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be reclaimed on day 29 after performing

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final closeout of the orbital workshop

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the crew Don spacesuits for the return

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leg of their mission scalloped Houston

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okay we're free we got four tenths of a

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foot per second Houston

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Sify Skylab after undocking they

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remained on station briefly to obtain

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photographic coverage following the

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orbit the command module its heat shield

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trailing of fiery plume reenters the

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atmosphere for the first time in about a

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month the crew experienced the forces of

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gravity that kind of overspending by a

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for sonic boom scallop Houston through

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Oh

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splashdown occurred some 700 miles off

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Southern California near the recovery

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ship the USS Ticonderoga after retrieval

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and positioning on the flight deck

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the command module hatch was open one by

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one the crewman stepped forth unassisted

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seemingly undaunted by their return to

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they accommodated to normal activity

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within several hours in San Diego

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the first Skylab crewmen were received

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by a local and officiating prom they had

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reason to be proud the large majority of

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scheduled experimental data was gathered

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and all subsystem operational test

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objectives were achieved all this in

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spite of the problems encountered from

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problems that in the final analysis

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required the presence of man to reason